Leadership Different Leadership Roles

Question :

What are the different leadership roles? Explain two of them with example. 

Answer :

It has been determined in this assignment that there are various leadership roles and theories that are used by the leaders or managers in order to effectively lead or manage their teams. In addition to this, the assignment also analysed the importance of ethics as a tool for leadership management. The case of Nelson Mandela is also analysed in this particular study to identify the type and characteristics of leadership used by Nelson. 

For instance, in context of a business or organisation leadership means to direct the colleagues or workers with a business strategy for meeting the requirements or objectives of the company. In the assignment, roles and theories related to leadership will be discussed. There are two sections in this report one will focus on basic concepts with respect to leadership and another section will be a case analysis of Nelson Mandela. The aim of this assignment is to identify the role leadership plays in the achievement of success by a leader. 

Universalism is the theological and philosophical concept that some ideas or concepts have universal applicability or application. It refers to the nation that human rights are universal and must be applicable to each and every human being. Individuals place a high significance on rules, laws and obligations. They try dealing with individuals on the basis of these rules but rules come before relationships. This philosophy or approach involves helping people understand how their work ties into beliefs and values. Another strategy related to Universalism is providing clear processes, instructions and procedures along with keeping consistency and promises. Utilisation of an objective procedure for making decisions yourself, and explaining your decisions if others are involved (Ayars and Nichols, 2020). 

B. Cultural relativism

Cultural relativism is a complex concept that has its intellectual roots in discussions regarding relativism in the philosophy of language and philosophy of science. Relativism is generally understood in contrast to realism, which is the concept or idea that what is real and try exists independently on the mind. This approach or concept does not judge people of other cultures or their cultural practices that are different from one's culture. It refers to not comparing or judging a culture to our own standards of what is wrong or right. The main element of this approach is relating to other cultures rather than judging them by dictating right or wrong in any sense. 

Effective leaders generally use the five principles described by the Strategy focused organisation (SFO) framework. These principles are as described below - 

1. Translating strategy into operation terms - Management and leadership themes are in centre while developing Balanced scorecard and strategy map. Effective leaders utilise the balanced scorecard for communicating the strategy. 

2. Align organisation to strategy - Division of strategy to decentralising divisions, support functions and business units, is a primary function of the management. It is a task of forming integrated and alingned strategy at lower level units using high level strategy. The cascading and alignment, however, is  allowing for leadership to occur at a more deeper level. The cascading procedure motivates each and every operating unit to determine its own strategy. 

3. Make strategy job of everyone - This principles refers to communicating mission, vision and strategy by using balancing scorecard. Leaders need to communicate several times and find multiple way to do so (del Carmen Gutiérrez-Diez,  Beltran and Arras-Vota, 2019). 

4. Making strategy a continual process - This needs executives to, integrate strategy with proper budgeting and planning, introducing new system for reporting and leading a new meeting. 

5. Mobilising change through executive leadership - Executive leaders are playing three major roles, the first is Mobilisation, they communicate the requirement or need for change and initiate coalition at the top for deploying and developing the strategy via balanced scorecard. Secondly, Governance, they create the new systems for budgeting, planning, allocation of resources, reporting and the management meeting for reinforcing the strategic message and keeping the organisation focused with proper resources in order to achieve strategic objectives. The last is strategic management, the managers reinforces the strategic message at each and every opportunity.