Microbiology Main Categories of Biochemical Molecules

Question:-

Name and describe the four main categories of biochemical molecules.

Answer:-

Molecules found among things living are called biochemical molecules making up those other structures and cells among organisms carrying out processes of life.

Carbohydrates- they involve starches and sugars. These compounds consist of the elements oxygen, hydrogen and carbon only. In living things carbohydrates functions involve giving energy among cells, structures like plant's cell walls in certain and storing energy (Seo & Park, 2020). That monomer making up larger compounds of carbohydrate is known as a monosaccharide.  

Lipids- they involve oils and fats containing the elements of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon primarily. Few lipids are there though like phosphorus-containing elements additionally. They comprise of units repeated joining altogether forming chains known as fatty acids. Most occurring fatty acids naturally keep having chains un-branched having even numbering of the atoms of carbon.

Proteins- they involve antibodies, enzymes and other significant compounds among things living. They consist of the elements sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. Their functions are quite many involving cell shape maintenance, forming muscles, carrying materials and messages and speeding chemical reactions. These monomers which keep making up larger compounds of protein are known as amino acids. 23 different kinds of it are there combining into longer chains (known as polypeptides). They keep forming building blocks having protein arrays vastly among things living.

Nucleic Acids- they involve the RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) containing the elements phosphorous, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. Among living things, the functions involve encoding instructions for creating proteins, aiding in making them.